html5指南-4.使用Geolocation實現(xiàn)定位功能_HTML5教程

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      今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是使用Geolocation實現(xiàn)定位功能。我們可以通過navigator.geolocation獲取Geolocation對象,他提供了下列方法:
      getCurrentPosition(callback,errorCallback,options):獲取當(dāng)前位置;
      watchPosition(callback,error,options):開始監(jiān)控當(dāng)前位置;
      clearWatch(id):停止監(jiān)控當(dāng)前位置。
      note:下面例子使用的瀏覽器是chrome,使用其他瀏覽器我不能保證運行結(jié)果和例子顯示的結(jié)果一致。
      1.獲取當(dāng)前位置
      我們將使用getCurrentPosition方法獲取當(dāng)前位置,位置信息不會以結(jié)果的形式直接返回,我們需要使用callback函數(shù)進(jìn)行處理。在獲取坐標(biāo)的過程中會有些延遲,還會問你要訪問權(quán)限。我們來看下面的例子:

      復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:www.wf0088.com

      <!DOCTYPE HTML>
      <html>
      <head>
      <title>Example</title>
      <style>
      table{border-collapse: collapse;}
      th, td{padding: 4px;}
      th{text-align: right;}
      </style>
      </head>
      <body>
      <table border="1">
      <tr>
      <th>Longitude:</th>
      <td id="longitude">-</td>
      <th>Latitude:</th>
      <td id="latitude">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude:</th>
      <td id="altitude">-</td>
      <th>Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="accuracy">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
      <th>Heading:</th>
      <td id="heading">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Speed:</th>
      <td id="speed">-</td>
      <th>Time Stamp:</th>
      <td id="timestamp">-</td>
      </tr>
      </table>
      <script>
      navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition);
      function displayPosition(pos) {
      var properties = ['longitude', 'latitude', 'altitude', 'accuracy', 'altitudeAccuracy', 'heading', 'speed'];
      for (var i = 0, len = properties.length; i < len; i++) {
      var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
      document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
      }
      document.getElementById('timestamp').innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
      }
      </script>
      </body>
      </html>

      返回的position對象包含兩個屬性,coords:返回坐標(biāo)信息;timestamp:獲取坐標(biāo)信息的時間。其中coords又包括下面屬性:latitude:緯度;longitude:經(jīng)度;altitude:高度;accuracy:精確度(米);altitudeAccuracy:高度精確度(米);heading:行進(jìn)方向;speed:行進(jìn)速度(米/秒)。
      并不是所有的信息都會返回,這取決于你承載瀏覽器的設(shè)備。像有GPS、加速器、羅盤的移動設(shè)備會返回大部分信息,家用電腦就不行了。家用電腦獲取的位置信息,取決于所處的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境或者是wifi。下面我們看上例的運行結(jié)果。


      點擊允許,獲取坐標(biāo)信息。

      2.處理異常
      現(xiàn)在我們介紹getCurrentPosition的異常處理,他是通過使用errorCallback回調(diào)函數(shù)實現(xiàn)的。函數(shù)返回的參數(shù)error包含兩個屬性,code:錯誤類型的代碼;message:錯誤信息。code包含三個值:1:用戶沒有授權(quán)使用geolocation;2:無法獲取坐標(biāo)信息;3:獲取信息超時。
      下面我們看個例子:

      復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:www.wf0088.com

      <!DOCTYPE HTML>
      <html>
      <head>
      <title>Example</title>
      <style>
      table{border-collapse: collapse;}
      th, td{padding: 4px;}
      th{text-align: right;}
      </style>
      </head>
      <body>
      <table border="1">
      <tr>
      <th>Longitude:</th>
      <td id="longitude">-</td>
      <th>Latitude:</th>
      <td id="latitude">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude:</th>
      <td id="altitude">-</td>
      <th>Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="accuracy">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
      <th>Heading:</th>
      <td id="heading">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Speed:</th>
      <td id="speed">-</td>
      <th>Time Stamp:</th>
      <td id="timestamp">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Error Code:</th>
      <td id="errcode">-</td>
      <th>Error Message:</th>
      <td id="errmessage">-</td>
      </tr>
      </table>
      <script>
      navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition, handleError);
      function displayPosition(pos) {
      var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];
      for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
      var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
      document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
      }
      document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
      }
      function handleError(err) {
      document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;
      document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;
      }
      </script>
      </body>
      </html>

      拒絕授權(quán),運行結(jié)果:

      3.使用geolocation可選參數(shù)項
      getCurrentPosition(callback,errorCallback,options)中的options有如下參數(shù)可以使用,enableHighAccuracy:使用最好的效果;timeout:超時時間(毫秒);maximumAge:指定緩存時間(毫秒)。我們來下下面的例子:

      復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:www.wf0088.com

      <!DOCTYPE HTML>
      <html>
      <head>
      <title>Example</title>
      <style>
      table{border-collapse: collapse;}
      th, td{padding: 4px;}
      th{text-align: right;}
      </style>
      </head>
      <body>
      <table border="1">
      <tr>
      <th>Longitude:</th>
      <td id="longitude">-</td>
      <th>Latitude:</th>
      <td id="latitude">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude:</th>
      <td id="altitude">-</td>
      <th>Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="accuracy">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
      <th>Heading:</th>
      <td id="heading">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Speed:</th>
      <td id="speed">-</td>
      <th>Time Stamp:</th>
      <td id="timestamp">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Error Code:</th>
      <td id="errcode">-</td>
      <th>Error Message:</th>
      <td id="errmessage">-</td>
      </tr>
      </table>
      <script>
      var options = {
      enableHighAccuracy: false,
      timeout: 2000,
      maximumAge: 30000
      };
      navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition, handleError, options);
      function displayPosition(pos) {
      var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];
      for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
      var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
      document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
      }
      document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
      }
      function handleError(err) {
      document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;
      document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;
      }
      </script>
      </body>
      </html>

      4.監(jiān)視位置變化
      下面我們介紹使用watchPosition方法實現(xiàn)位置變化的監(jiān)視,他的使用方法和getCurrentPosition一樣。我們來看例子:

      復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:www.wf0088.com

      <!DOCTYPE HTML>
      <html>
      <head>
      <title>Example</title>
      <style>
      table{border-collapse: collapse;}
      th, td{padding: 4px;}
      th{text-align: right;}
      </style>
      </head>
      <body>
      <table border="1">
      <tr>
      <th>Longitude:</th>
      <td id="longitude">-</td>
      <th>Latitude:</th>
      <td id="latitude">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude:</th>
      <td id="altitude">-</td>
      <th>Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="accuracy">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
      <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
      <th>Heading:</th>
      <td id="heading">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Speed:</th>
      <td id="speed">-</td>
      <th>Time Stamp:</th>
      <td id="timestamp">-</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
      <th>Error Code:</th>
      <td id="errcode">-</td>
      <th>Error Message:</th>
      <td id="errmessage">-</td>
      </tr>
      </table>
      <button id="pressme">Cancel Watch</button>
      <script>
      var options = {
      enableHighAccuracy: false,
      timeout: 2000,
      maximumAge: 30000
      };
      var watchID = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(displayPosition, handleError, options);
      document.getElementById("pressme").onclick = function (e) {
      navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watchID);
      };
      function displayPosition(pos) {
      var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];
      for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
      var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
      document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
      }
      document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
      }
      function handleError(err) {
      document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;
      document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;
      }
      </script>
      </body>
      </html>

      當(dāng)點擊Cancel Watch按鈕時,停止監(jiān)視。
      demo下載地址:Html5Guide.Geolocation.zip

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      來源:未知//所屬分類:HTML5教程/更新時間:2013-04-22
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