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nginx反向代理配置及優(yōu)化_Web服務(wù)器教程

前言:
由于服務(wù)器apache抗不住目前的并發(fā).加上前端squid配置后,問題依然無法解決.而頁面程序大部分是動態(tài).無法使用fastcgi來處理.因此想使用nginx做為反向代理apache.整個配置安裝過程很簡單.在考慮高并發(fā)的情況下,在安裝前就做了些優(yōu)化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并發(fā).好像不是特別大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是還有少量499問題..期待有人跟我討論解決

第1部分:安裝
1 建立用戶及組

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

2 安裝pcre 讓nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install

3 安裝nginx

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.58/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron
make && make install

#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 這是編譯器優(yōu)化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面對應(yīng)CPU的型號,可參照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG

第2部分:配置及優(yōu)化配置文件
1 nginx.conf 配置文件:

user    www www;
worker_processes 4;

# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log    crit;
pid                /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
         use epoll;
         worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
         include             mime.types;
         default_type    application/octet-stream;
         source_charset GB2312;
         server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;
         client_header_buffer_size 256k;
         large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;

         #size limits
         client_max_body_size             50m;
         client_body_buffer_size        256k;
         client_header_timeout     3m;
         client_body_timeout 3m;
         send_timeout             3m;
#參數(shù)都有所調(diào)整.目的是解決代理過程中出現(xiàn)的一些502 499錯誤
         sendfile on;
         tcp_nopush         on;
         keepalive_timeout 120; #參數(shù)加大,以解決做代理時502錯誤
         tcp_nodelay on;

         include                    vhosts/upstream.conf;
         include                    vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;

}

2 upstream.conf 配置文件(這也是做負(fù)載的配置方法)

upstream.conf
            upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {
                 server 192.168.1.4:8099;
             }

3 站點配置文件

bbs.linuxtone.conf
server
     {
            listen             80;
            server_name    bbs.linuxtone.conf;
            charset GB2312;
            index index.html index.htm;
            root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

                location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {
                        stub_status on;
                        access_log off;
                 }

         location / {
             root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
             proxy_redirect off ;
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
             proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
             client_max_body_size 50m;
             client_body_buffer_size 256k;
             proxy_connect_timeout 30;
             proxy_send_timeout 30;
             proxy_read_timeout 60;
             proxy_buffer_size 256k;
             proxy_buffers 4 256k;
             proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
             proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
             proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
             proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
             proxy_pass    http://bbs.linuxtone.com;
            }

#參數(shù)都有所調(diào)整.目的是解決代理過程中出現(xiàn)的一些502 499錯誤

#Add expires header for static content
     location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {
         if (-f $request_filename) {
             root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
             expires            1d;
             break;
            }
     }

         log_format    access    '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                                                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                                                 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
        access_log    /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log    access;

}

注:第二種代理方式
nginx 處理下圖片,html等靜態(tài)的東西.其它動態(tài)由apache處理.因此apache也需要做一些參數(shù)調(diào)整.
設(shè)置圖片等過期時間.緩解請求.

如果源與nginx在同一臺機(jī)器建議使用如下方法:

                 location / {
                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/;
                            proxy_redirect default ;
                 }

針對不同的目錄進(jìn)行代理把下面的配置放到根目錄代理的上面

                location /linuxtone/ {
                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;
                            proxy_redirect default ;
                 }

4 源配置

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099>
        ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com
        DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone
        ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com
        ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log
     CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined
</VirtualHost>

第3部分:源的優(yōu)化
1 apache-mpm.conf

<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
        StartServers                    15
        MinSpareServers             15
        MaxSpareServers            30
        ServerLimit                 2536
        MaxClients                    2048
        MaxRequestsPerChild     1500
</IfModule>

2 apache-keepalive
Timeout 120 #與nginx的保持一至
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 400
KeepAliveTimeout 7

第4部分:PHP的優(yōu)化
優(yōu)化一:將PHP由之前的xcache換成eaccelerator
1 安裝

wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config
make
make install

注:PHP路徑以安裝為準(zhǔn)!

2 配置

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini

配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /etc/php.ini

按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

優(yōu)化二:聯(lián)系開發(fā)重新編譯php減少php的模塊.以減少php進(jìn)程所占用內(nèi)存數(shù).這塊盡管影響不大,但也有一定的作用.編譯前也可以參照nginx的編譯器優(yōu)化方式安裝.

第5部分:測試并啟動nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

第6部分:nginx日志切割腳本

#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

crontab -e

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜集/所屬分類：Web服務(wù)器教程/更新時間：2011-12-08

nginx反向代理配置及優(yōu)化_Web服務(wù)器教程

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